Our objective is to evaluate the influence of environmental and socio-economic factors on producer decisions to adopt conservation management practices that sequester carbon, as well as quantify leakage and non-CO 2 GHG emissions resulting from associated management activities. We will incorporate the findings into an integrated assessment framework that has been designed to quantify the technical and economic potential for soil carbon sequestration. Using this general framework, we will assess the economic efficiency of current and previous agricultural conservation policies, and the potential for carbon-based payments to increase adoption of conservation practices, focusing on land retirement under the Conservation Reserve Program and adoption of conservation tillage. These data and modeling framework will provide a tool to predict the future supply of carbon sequestration - including the net impact of changes in agricultural management practices on GHG mitigation - as a function of market and policy forces, socio-economic and environmental constraints.